Knee replacement surgery, or Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA), is not a full limb replacement but a joint resurfacing procedure. The orthopaedic surgeon removes the damaged cartilage and a small amount of underlying bone from the ends of the thigh bone (femur) and shin bone (tibia).
These damaged surfaces are then replaced with precision-engineered artificial joint components (the prosthesis), typically made of metal alloys and durable, high-grade plastic. This creates a smooth, new joint surface that eliminates painful bone-on-bone friction, giving you a pain-free knee.